Signs and Indicators
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disease. Symptoms include loss of memory, difficulty with day-to-day tasks, and changes in mood and behaviour. People may think these symptoms are part of normal aging but they aren't. It is important to see a doctor when you notice any of these symptoms as they may be due to other conditions such as depression, drug interactions or an infection. If the diagnosis is Alzheimer's disease or other dementia, your local Alzheimer Society can help.
Memory Loss That Affects Day-To-Day Abilities
It's normal to occasionally forget appointments, colleagues' names or a friend's phone number and remember them later. A person with dementia may forget things more often and not remember them later, especially things that have happened more recently.
Difficulty Performing Familiar Tasks
Busy people can be so distracted from time to time that they may leave the carrots on the stove and only remember to serve them at the end of a meal. A person with dementia may have trouble with tasks that have been familiar to them all their lives, such as preparing a meal.
Problems with Language
Everyone has trouble finding the right word sometimes, but a person with dementia may forget simple words or substitute words, making their sentences difficult to understand.
Disorientation in Time and Place
It's normal to forget the day of the week or your destination -- for a moment. But a person with dementia can become lost on their own street, not knowing how they got there or how to get home.
Poor or Decreased Judgment
People may sometimes put off going to a doctor if they have an infection, but eventually seek medical attention. A person with dementia may have decreased judgment, for example not recognizing a medical problem that needs attention or wearing heavy clothing on a hot day.
Problems with Abstract Thinking
From time to time, people may have difficulty with tasks that require abstract thinking, such as balancing a cheque book. Someone with dementia may have significant difficulties with such tasks, for example not recognizing what the numbers in the cheque book mean.
Misplacing Things
Anyone can temporarily misplace a wallet or keys. A person with dementia may put things in inappropriate places: an iron in the freezer or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.
Changes in Mood and Behaviour
Everyone becomes sad or moody from time to time. Someone with dementia can exhibit varied mood swings -- from calm to tears to anger -- for no apparent reason.
Changes in Personality
People's personalities can change somewhat with age, but a person with dementia can become confused, suspicious or withdrawn. Changes may also include apathy, fearfulness or acting out of character.
Loss of Initiative
It's normal to tire of housework, business activities or social obligations, but most people regain their initiative. A person with dementia may become very passive, and require cues and prompting to become involved.